教師公開招聘英語學科筆試試卷題3

http://chongqing.hteacher.net 2023-05-04 14:33 重慶教師招聘 [您的教師考試網(wǎng)]

Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills (垃圾填埋場), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.

Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste (糊狀物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.

Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well,” she explains, “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”

Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes (腸道微生物)?

Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfill. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic”.

49. What can we learn about the worms in the study?

A. They take plastics as their everyday food.

B. They are newly evolved creatures.

C. They can consume plastics.

D. They wind up in landfills.

49.【答案】C

【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic.”可知，研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，蠕蟲分解日常食物的能力讓它們可以分解塑料，也就是說它們可以消費塑料。故選C。

50. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to ______.

A. identify other means of the breakdown

B. find out the source of the enzyme

C. confirm the research findings

D. increase the breakdown speed

50.【答案】B

【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes (腸道微生物)?”可知，下一步研究是辨清分解的原因，查明這種酶來源于哪里，是蟲子自己產(chǎn)生的還是它腸道里的微生物產(chǎn)生的。故選B。

51. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might ______.

A. help to raise worms

B. help make plastic bags

C. be used to clean the oceans

D. be produced in factories in future

51.【答案】D

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ‘millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.’”可以推斷出，Bertocchini希望這種化學物質(zhì)將來能在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中使用，而不是僅僅依靠蠕蟲來分解塑料。故選D。

52. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To explain a study method on worms.

B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.

C. To present a way to break down plastics.

D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.

52.【答案】C

【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.”可知，有一種新的方法被用于分解塑料。再根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ‘millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.’”可知，Bertocchini希望將這種方法推廣到工業(yè)中。由此可以推知寫作意圖為介紹一種分解塑料的方法。故選C。