陜西教師招聘備考資料：英語定語從句用法歸納

http://sx.hteacher.net 2022-02-19 12:02 陜西教師招聘 [您的教師考試網(wǎng)]

定語從句由關(guān)系代詞who、whom、whose、which、what、as和關(guān)系副詞where、when、why等引導(dǎo)，但須記住：

1.what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句.

2.關(guān)系詞的分析須考慮它在定語從句中的成分。

一.指人的關(guān)系代詞有who、whose、whom、that. 試分析：

The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.

Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing .

The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster.(=The man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.)注：

A. 指人時有時只用who不宜用that。

1.先行詞為one、ones或anyone

(1)The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.

(2)Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.

2.先行詞為these時

These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.3.在there be 開頭的句子中

There is a student who wants to see you.

4.一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that，另一個宜用who，以免重復(fù)。

The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards.5.在非限制性定語從句中

A。I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan.

B.主句以who開頭的句子中,只用that,不用who。

二.指物的關(guān)系代詞有which、whose(=of which)、that. 試分析：

1. I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun.

2. The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.

3. This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the

house which /that we lived in last year.)

4. I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)

注：

A. 介詞如果位于作為其賓語的關(guān)系代詞之前時，只能用whom、 which不能用who或that.

(1). The girl about whom they were talking is our monitor.

(2). The book in which there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming.

B. 部分短語動詞中的介詞不可與動詞拆開，在定語從句中其介詞不可前置，只能放在其動詞之后。

Is this the book which she is looking for?

The old man who/whom they are waiting for is Professor Li.

The child who/whom she is looking after is Wang Ping’s son.

C. 指物時，下列情況下只能用that ，不宜用which。

(1)先行詞為不定代詞，如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one等。

We are willing to do anything that is good to the people.

I have told them all (that) I know.

All that can be done has been done.

(2)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞、修飾時。

The first book that I read last night was an English novel.

(3)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被最高級修飾時。

This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen.

This is the best that can be done now.

(4)如果有兩個或兩個以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時(先行詞既有人又有物)，定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用which和who都不合適，只能用that。

We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.

There are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill.

(5)如果先行詞被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、 few 、little、no、 all 、one of、 just修飾時。

This is the only book that can be lent to you. 

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